Products related to Challenges:
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Argument-Based Validation in Testing and Assessment
Carol A. Chapelle shows readers how to design validation research for tests of human capacities and performance.Any test that is used to make decisions about people or programs should have undergone extensive research to demonstrate that the scores are actually appropriate for their intended purpose.Argument-Based Validation in Testing and Assessment is intended to help close the gap between theory and practice, by introducing, explaining, and demonstrating how test developers can formulate the overall design for their validation research from an argument-based perspective.
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Challenges and Innovations in Speaking Assessment
The assessment of second language speaking ability has played a central role in the evolution of language testing theory and practice.Educational Testing Service (ETS) has been a primary innovator in all dimensions of speaking assessment since the 1970s, addressing critical challenges through the advent of new test designs, scoring practices, and measurement technologies to make especially large-scale, standardized testing of speaking ability a reality. This volume presents a sample of key ETS research and development efforts related to speaking assessment over the years.The contributors highlight diverse contributions to conceptualizing the speaking construct, designing speaking test tasks, scoring speech samples, marshalling technologies for test delivery and automated scoring, and developing end-to-end speaking assessment procedures.The first part emphasizes how some of the earliest large-scale speaking assessments were designed and put into practice.The second part features research and development related to speaking assessments in the TOEIC and TOEFL testing suites, emphasizing their validity and scoring.The third part introduces research-based innovations in testing new and more nuanced speaking constructs, and in using automated scoring of speech to address diverse assessment needs. The volume will appeal to language testing professionals and test score users in illuminating how ETS has influenced the development of speaking assessment as well as pointing to multiple directions for future research and practice.
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School Evaluation with a Purpose : Challenges and Alternatives
School evaluation is often linked to issues of accountability, performance assessment, regulation and inspection, where the work of teachers and/or the functioning of the school becomes the subject of critique.School Evaluation with a Purpose explores the latest thinking surrounding external and self-evaluation in schools.Examining teacher professionalism, reflective practice and what really matters in education, it considers the key challenges around current evaluative practice and puts forward alternative methods of evaluation, placing reflective practice and teacher professionalism at its heart.Exploring the stories of evaluation and the practice of resilient schools and school leaders in five European contexts, the book aims to support and promote the agency of teachers, school leaders and students. This book will be of particular interest to school leaders internationally, researchers, master's students of Education and Education Leadership, and policymakers responsible for law enforcement in the field of school inspection.
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Changing Language Assessment : New Dimensions, New Challenges
This edited book brings together fifteen original empirical studies from a variety of international contexts to provide a detailed exploration of language assessment, testing and evaluation.Language assessment has a key role in the development and implementation of language and educational policies at the national level, and this book examines some of the impacts - both positive and negative - of different skills testing and examination approaches on learning outcomes and individual students' language learning.This book will be of interest to scholars working in applied linguistics and language education, teacher training, testing and evaluation, as well as stakeholders such as practitioners, educators, educational agencies, and test developers.
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Is there only performance when there are athletic challenges?
No, performance is not limited to athletic challenges. Performance can be demonstrated in various aspects of life, such as in academic, artistic, professional, and personal endeavors. It is about achieving a certain standard or level of excellence in a particular activity or task, regardless of whether it involves physical athleticism. People can perform well in their careers, in creative pursuits, in problem-solving, and in many other areas that do not necessarily involve athletic challenges.
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'Promotes or challenges?'
The media can both promote and challenge societal norms and values. On one hand, the media has the power to promote positive messages and values, such as diversity, equality, and social justice. On the other hand, the media can also challenge existing norms by highlighting injustices, inequalities, and controversial issues. Ultimately, the media's influence on promoting or challenging societal norms depends on the content it produces and the perspectives it chooses to amplify.
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What are drawing challenges?
Drawing challenges are prompts or themes that encourage artists to create artwork based on a specific topic or idea. These challenges can vary in length and complexity, from daily prompts to weekly themes. They are a fun way for artists to push themselves creatively, practice their skills, and connect with other artists in the community. Drawing challenges can help artists overcome creative blocks, improve their drawing abilities, and inspire new ideas for their work.
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What are overnight challenges?
Overnight challenges are activities or tasks that individuals undertake that last throughout the night. These challenges often involve staying awake, completing certain tasks, or facing specific obstacles for an extended period of time. Participants may engage in overnight challenges for entertainment, personal growth, or to test their endurance and resilience. These challenges can vary in intensity and can be done alone or with a group of people.
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Understanding Cross-Cultural Neuropsychology : Science, Testing, and Challenges
Understanding Cross-Cultural Neuropsychology thoroughly examines the meaning of culture in the context of neuropsychology, focusing on the fundamental neuroscience underlying how different aspects of culture influence neuropsychological test performance, and how that is related to brain function.It explores in detail the relationship between brain activity and culture, and the influence of various cultural, educational, and linguistic factors on neuropsychological test performances across various cognitive domains.Written by leadings researchers in cross-cultural neuropsychology, the book first introduces the basic concepts in the field.It goes on to focus on the influence of cultural variables on specific domains of cognition, including perception, attention, memory, language, and executive functions.It also explores the implications of cross-cultural neuropsychology in practice, including a focus on test adaptation, the use of interpreters, the influence of acculturation, and the practice of neuropsychological rehabilitation in different cultural settings. This book is essential reading for neuropsychologists and related practitioners working with culturally diverse clients, who need a good grasp of the cultural impacts on neuropsychological test performance when assessing clients from different cultural, linguistic, and educational backgrounds.It is also valuable for neuropsychologists in countries around the world who need a means of understanding the ways in which their culture impacts the performances of their clients on tests, which have been mostly developed in the U.S. or other Western cultures.
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Innovations and Challenges in Social Media Discourse Analysis
Innovations and Challenges in Social Media Discourse Analysis provides a key introduction to the analysis of everyday discourse on social media platforms. Outlining the challenges involved in the study of social media discourse that includes social interaction, relationality, intersubjectivity, and intermodality, this book takes a social semiotic approach to offer a useful reconceptualisation of existing tools and introduces new methodologies to help those studying in this area. Drawing on a range of corpora that feature tweets, Instagram photos, YouTube comments, and emoji, this book is essential reading for students studying modules on discourse analysis and language and media.
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Innovations and Challenges in Social Media Discourse Analysis
Innovations and Challenges in Social Media Discourse Analysis provides a key introduction to the analysis of everyday discourse on social media platforms. Outlining the challenges involved in the study of social media discourse that includes social interaction, relationality, intersubjectivity, and intermodality, this book takes a social semiotic approach to offer a useful reconceptualisation of existing tools and introduces new methodologies to help those studying in this area. Drawing on a range of corpora that feature tweets, Instagram photos, YouTube comments, and emoji, this book is essential reading for students studying modules on discourse analysis and language and media.
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Teacher Evaluation Around the World : Experiences, Dilemmas and Future Challenges
This book presents some of the leading technical, professional, and political challenges associated with the development and implementation of teacher evaluation systems, along with characterizing some of these systems in different countries around the world.The book promotes a broader comprehension of the complexities associated with this kind of initiatives, which have gained relevance in the last two decades, especially in the context of policies aimed at improving the quality of education. The first section of the book includes conceptual chapters that will detail some of the central debates around teacher evaluation, such as a) performance evaluation versus teaching effectiveness; b) tensions between formative and summative uses of evaluation; c) relationship between evaluation and teacher professionalization; and d) political tensions around teacher evaluation. In the second section, the book addresses specific examples of national or state-wide initiatives inthe field of teacher evaluation.For this section, the authors have invited contributions that reflect experiences in North America, Asia, Europe, Oceania, and Latin America.In each chapter, a teacher evaluation system is presented, including their main results and validity evidence, as well as the main challenges associated with its design and implementation. This wide-ranging presentation of teacher evaluation systems around the world is a valuable reference to understand the diverse challenges for the implementation of teacher evaluation programs.The presence of conceptual chapters with others that illustrate how teacher evaluation has been implemented in different contexts gives the reader a comprehensive view of the complex nature of teacher evaluation, considering their technical and political underpinnings.It is a valuable source for anyone interested in the design, improvement, and implementation of teacher evaluation systems.
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What are Minecraft challenges?
Minecraft challenges are specific tasks or goals that players set for themselves to complete within the game. These challenges can range from building elaborate structures, surviving in harsh environments, defeating powerful enemies, or completing tasks within a certain time limit. They add an extra layer of difficulty and excitement to the game, pushing players to think creatively and strategically to overcome obstacles and achieve their objectives. Players can create their own challenges or participate in community-created challenges to test their skills and enhance their gameplay experience.
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What are survival challenges?
Survival challenges are obstacles or difficulties that individuals or groups face in order to stay alive in harsh or dangerous environments. These challenges can include finding food and water, building shelter, protecting oneself from predators, and navigating through unfamiliar terrain. Overcoming survival challenges often requires resourcefulness, adaptability, and physical and mental strength.
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Search for Minecraft Survival Challenges.
There are numerous Minecraft survival challenges available online that players can try to enhance their gameplay experience. Some popular challenges include "Skyblock," where players start on a small island with limited resources and must survive and expand their island. Another challenge is "Ultra Hardcore," where players have limited health regeneration and must be extra cautious in their survival efforts. "One Block Skyblock" is another interesting challenge where players start with just one block and must strategically expand and survive in the world. These challenges can add a new level of excitement and difficulty to the game for players looking for a fresh experience.
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What are overnight accommodation challenges?
Overnight accommodation challenges refer to difficulties or obstacles that individuals may face when trying to find a place to stay overnight. This could include issues such as high costs of hotels or accommodations, limited availability of rooms during peak seasons, lack of affordable options in certain locations, or safety concerns when staying in unfamiliar places. These challenges can make it difficult for people to find suitable and comfortable accommodation for their overnight stays.
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